FINAL ANALYSIS: Was the feminist movement a success or a failure in politics? 
a.) Identity specific goals 
b.) Strategies used to try to gain those goals 
c.) Analyze extent to which goals were met 

Throughout history women have been able to grow and create change in the things that they accomplish, particularly in politics. There have been multiple successes of the Women’s Liberation Movement; initially it began with the awareness of inequality and the status of women. Following the realization of the discrimination towards women, a very significant event took place in 1964, the Civil Rights Act and this made discrimination based on gender unacceptable. Title IX also held a place in the success of this movement since it had an influence in both two areas, sports and education. Title 9 gave women equal education opportunities as men had and this also took place in sports. More women also began joining the work field and taking positions in the professional field. Abortion was legalized which is known by the famous Supreme Court case, Roe vs. Wade. However, one area in particular made a drastic impact on the Feminist movements success, the increase of women in politics. Today twenty percent of the House of Representatives are women, as well as seventeen senators being women.

In the specific area of politics women have made a significant amount of progress, however, the journey has been long-lasting and was made possible through determination and hard work. The convention in Senaca Falls marked a very important moment in the history of the feminist movement, this was the moment when discussions such as the reforming of marriage and the property laws to a woman’s right to vote took place. The nineteenth amendment was the point in which women were able to have a first permanent step towards their goal. Their goals were simple, they wanted equal rights, to end discrimination, and be able to do the same things as any other human being in the world. Things such as the proposition of the Equal Rights Amendment in 1972 expressed the goals of women throughout the movement, which section 1 stated that "Equality of Rights under law shall not be denied or abridged by the U.S. or by any state on the account of sex." Section 2 stated that "Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article" this held significance in the length of time it took to have this completely in effect, which was 10 years. 

These goals that women had during the feminist movement were not attainable by simply fighting and being static, but through the use of numerous strategies like protesting, petitioning, boycotts, stand-ins, and many more. These strategies were very similar to the ones used by African Americans during the Civil Rights Movement but were used to a greater extent throughout the feminist movement. Ultimately, women achieved success in the area of politics throughout the feminist movement but with a vast amount of patience and persistance. Some of the greatest political leaders of our time are women and are well respected by the whole nation, but this could not have been achieved without the courage of women in the history of our nation. 

6.) OPVL

i.) http://www.facebook.com/notes/udf-remembered/woman-unite-cheryl-carolus/168351229881885

"Woman Unite - Cheryl Carolus." Welcome to Facebook. 4 Mar. 2011. 
Web. 27 Apr. 2012.  <http://www.facebook.com/notes/udf-remembered/woman-unite-cheryl-carolus/168351229881885>.

ii.) Cheryl Carolus is a South African political activist. Her initial entry into becoming an activist began after joining the United Democratic Front and continued from her being a part of organizations such as the African National Congress, became South Africa's HIgh Commissioner in London, and the general secretary of the Federation of South African Women. Cheryl Carolus is the national co-ordinator of the UDF made a speech discussing the role of women in the UDF. She discusses how there is a present unequal economic system, but women play a significant role in supporting that society. She believes that women have a job in South Africa's fight for national liberation, and that "women's oppression will not come to an end unless there is complete national liberation in the country."Carolus also focuses on the bantustan system again which "exploits the whole question of sex." Overall she is advocating for women to come together and realize there significance regardless of the discrimination they are receiving.


iii.) The value of this source is that it provides a non American political side to the feminist movement in the modern era in the country of South Africa. She discusses the present issues of sexism and the concept of the process of forming change. There is value in the fact that it gives an organizations point of view that concerns the issue of politics in the feminist movement in South Africa. This gives a different sense of the way women were treated in a country different from America, where at the time in 1985 were still considered to have the job of staying at home and nothing else. The limitations of this source are that it is bias to the other things going on in South Africa concerning the feminist movement as well as the support and the negative feedback this received.

iv.) This source shows what is needed in order to achieve the goals of this organization and Cheryl Carolus, which is change. "Women's oppression will not come to an end unless there is complete national liberation in the country; and we don't see the two processes separate- and for that reason we would see women organizing themselves as women forming part of the national democratic struggle in our country" stated in Carolus' speech presents the idea that this is not just an issue of women's rights but must be a national issue. She also touches on the fact that "there's no way that there can be change in a country if half the population is not forming that change and in fact benefit from that change"  along with the statistic that women in South Africa form 51% of the population. Women taking up half of the population of South Africa is a very significant thing because of the room of opportunity they have to stand up and make a change and grasp the attention and ultimate support of the remaining 49% of the population.

4.) OPVL

i.) http://womenshistory.about.com/gi/o.htm?zi=1/XJ&zTi=1&sdn=womenshistory&cdn=education&tm=13&f=21&tt=14&bt=1&bts=1&zu=http%3A//newdeal.feri.org/er/er36.htm


ii.) The writing of the  "U.N Deliberations on Draft Convention on the Political Rights of Women" (which was originally published on January 5, 1953) by Eleanor Roosevelt concerns the topic of equal suffrage for women. She states that the purpose of this convention, equal suffrage for women is one that is "very close to my heart." Eleanor Roosevelt was a very important and influential figure in the feminist movement, due to her status throughout the movement. She was appointed to chair the Commission on the Status of Women in 1961 by John F. Kennedy along with many other nominations. This convention resulted from the work in the Commission on the Status of Women. She goes on to state her belief in the concept of active citizenship concerning equality among both men and women, and her belief in a better government taking place when men and women can discuss issues along side each other.

iii.) The value in this source lies in the date and year of its publication, 1953. This was the year that held many other accomplishments concerning feminism, such as woman becoming parts of what used to be things that only consisted of men. She pinpoints issues of equality between men and women not only in America but beyond our nation to foreign nations. The value of this is the organization of topics and the tone it is written in. When reading this the tone draws one in and experiences the emotions and discrimination felt by women throughout history reaching their goal of equality. The limitation of this source is that it is addressed to women and men at the time probably had no desire to even acknowledge its existence.

iv.) Eleanor Roosevelt gave a number of speeches and publish numerous writings that all had the similarity of advocating for women's rights. This particular writing, had a specific focus on women in politics and the difference it would make on the nation if men and women equally shared ideas and opinions on public issues because decisions would be made "on the basis of their differing areas of experience and their common concern for the welfare of their families and the world." She states that "In the U.S., and in most countries today, women have equal suffrage... It is true, of course, that the first objective of this convention is to encourage equal political rights for women in all countries. But its significance reaches far deeper into the real issue of whether in fact women are recognized full in setting the policies of our governments." This writing shows not the past achievements of the feminist movement, but more of the achievements that could be if the nation were to take part in "active citizenship, for men and women equally, as a simple matter of right and justice."

5.) OPVL

i.) http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/hillaryclintonbeijingspeech.htm

"Remarks to the U.N. 4th World Conference on Women Plenary Session." Speech. U.N. 4th World Conference. Beijing. American Rhetoric. Web. 26 Apr. 2012. <http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/hillaryclintonbeijingspeech.htm>.

ii.) On September 5, 1995 in Beijing, China Hilary Rodham Clinton made a speech, "Remarks to the U.N. 4th World Conference on Women Plenary Session" which celebrated the contributions of women in every aspect of life. She makes the point that "However different we may appear, there is far more that unites us than divides us" which pinpoints that her audience is not isolated to one specific group but to all women throughout the entire world. Clinton also admits to her awareness to the people that question the goal and purpose of the conference and "who wonder whether the lives of women and girls matter to economic and political progress around the globe." She believes that women who are healthy, who are educated, who are free from violence, who have a chance to work, and who earn as full and equal partners in society will support the flourishing of their own families. She also discusses the progress of women in the  U.S. that are working diligently to promote literacy and better health care and outside the U.S. such as in South Africa who are helping to build a new democracy. The statement that "women are most often the ones whose human rights are violated" is one that holds much truth and brings this issue into the spotlight even further. Clinton makes the point "that it is no longer acceptable to discuss women's rights as separate from human rights" and also supports her statements with historical evidence concerning the right for women to vote and the longevity of that process.

iii.) The speech made by Hilary Clinton holds value in its ability to stir up emotion in its audience, which is not isolated by group but initially addressed to the nation as a whole. Her annunciation on statements such as "violation of human rights" grasps the attention of viewers by the tone she is presenting. This is valuable in the ability it has to present a rhetorical speech. Aristotle said, Rhetoric is "the faculty of discovering in any particular case all of the available means of persuasion." The additions of the historical evidence such as the one focusing on women winning the right to vote supports all that she says while also keeping people unable to present a retaliation argument. The limitation of this source concerns the fact that it does not give a lead up to this speech, or a follow up to the response of the nation to this speech. There is no information provided about what women may have thought or done in response to hearing this speech. 


iv.) This source shows modern day issues concerning feminism, but also shows the achievement and progress made by women of today. The statement, "In my country, we recently celebrated the 75th anniversary of Women's Suffrage" shows the length of time this issue has been present in America, while also going into the progress and issues in other countries such as Indonesia and South Africa. This speech is introduced to the nation as representing a celebration of the contributions of woman, which in itself expresses the achievement of the feminist movement as time has progressed in the world. Women are now causing families to flourish through the choice in occupation, success in the journey of education, and the freedom from violence and discrimination. 

3.) OPVL

i.) http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=58918#axzz1srhoxeMP


John F. Kennedy:"Executive Order 10980," December 14, 1961.Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley,The American Presidency Project. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=58918.




ii.) This Executive Order by John F. Kennedy concerning the status of women provides a great deal of information concerning the changes that women faced in the post feminism era. He stated that women rights should be respected and treated with dignity as everyone treats the element of human rights. John F. Kennedy made a big statement with this Order because is showed everyone that the President of the United States was behind one of the most lengthened movement in history. I learned that this source provided women with equal opportunities to men and that women were now able to hold political positions that were unheard of for most of history.

iii.) The value of this source is that it is primary because it is a document taken directly from the span of the 60s and 70s which was the peak of the post feminism era. It also showcases a significant moment in the feminism movement when women were given equal rights by law which was also ordered by the President himself. The limitations of this source is that it leaves out any backlash to this Order as well as any information that would provide new perspectives leading up to it.

iv.) This Executive Order 10980 declared by John F. Kennedy on December 14, 1961 shows a terrific achievement of the feminist movement. This also began the Presidents Commission on the Status of Women which was a big step in the post feminism era. This was a very important document that should be praised for its success in pushing women towards equality and receiving rights. 

2.) OPVL

i.) "BIO Classroom." Bio.com. A&E Networks Television.

Web. 13 Apr. 2012.

            <http://www.biography.com/tv/classroom/womens-history-timeline>.

ii.) This website provides a timeline of events that made a positive impact during the feminist movement and helped push it to success. Many of the events that are listed have to do with women making progress in the world of politics, which at the time was unheard of. The timeline covers a long range starting with Abigail Adams all the way to the current times of Hilary Clinton and Condoleezza Rice. There was a significant amount of women recognized into the political world and given high positions of authority.

iii.) This is a secondary source which gives a good initial background of what the feminist movement consisted of, with especially significant mentions of important woman figures that were imperative in the progress of this movement. The value lies in the important and necessary information that this site provides through both its information and the media attached. Each slide contains a focus point with links that provide relevant information and names concerning the topic being discussed. The limitations are of course that is a secondary source and some information may not have been provided along with other names, which may be due to them being of less importance. Within this source along with most there is bias which can cause some arguments to the audience this is being addressed to. 

iv.) This source shows both achievements and failures of the feminist movement along with other nationalities that were involved in women's suffrage. The great deal of information created a well balanced over view of the feminist movement concerning all of the significant women mentioned. It can be inferred that the women's suffrage movement was not a certain time period, because it dated all the way back to the 1700s and went through many different phases and changes. Along with that, the political growth of having women holding high positions has made a vast change.  Florence Ellinwood Allen became the first woman on the Courts of Appeals, Eleanor Roosevelt was appointed to the chair the Commission on the Status of Women by John F. Kennedy, and Shirley Chisholm became the first African American women elected to the US. House of Reps. It is obvious that women slowly made a drastic immersion into political jobs, which was quite the accomplishment. As the years went on, the success of women suffragists and women in politics continued to rise along with the numbers of supporters, whereas the discrimination towards women began to decrease.  

1.) OPVL
THE 19th AMENDMENT 






i.) http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/amendment_19/
"Featured Document: The 19th Amendment." National Archives and Records Administration. 
               Web. 13 Apr. 2012. 
               <http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/amendment_19/>.

ii.) "The amendment guarantees all American women the right to vote." Between the years of 1878 and 1920 this amendment was first introduced to Congress, and the year 1920 is the year when it was ratified. The process to give women the right to vote was not a easy one and came with many various struggles. Women for decades used protesting as a way to agitate Congress and to overall get their point across. Women suffrage supporters put in an unbelievable amount of hours in order to march, hold lectures, write articles, and spread their cause to the entire nation. This amendment which gave women the right to vote was the first step in their journey of emerging women into the world of politics. 

iii.) The value that lies in this source, The 19th Amendement is it being a very significant primary source or the beginning of not only women's suffrage, but the start of a new movement in politics. This right for women to vote was introduced in the year when the feminist movement became significantly more popular. Also the the fact that the amendment is able to be directly accessed and was written at the peak of the movement gives it a lot of value. The political significance in the amendment lies in the ability it gives to women, voting rights. This is a small step but is the first one towards creating opportunities for women in politics. The limitations lie in the fact that there is only one perspective shown, that being rights for women. There is no initial information given or information concerning what it took to pass this amendment. Responses to this being passed are not available, but would give a great deal of insight to what the rest of the nation thought about women's suffrage. 


iv.) This source shows great progress and achievement of the feminist movement, but only after there was a large amount of difficulty in order to get there. This marked a moment in history when women were able to begin having a part in politics. Women activists were able to successfully work towards their goal from the year of the first draft, 1887 to forty years later when it when Congress submitted it to the states for ratification. The 19th Amendment was undoubtedly a achievement of the feminist movement even though it was not immediate, the longevity of its passing caused it to be that much more of a statement decades later.